The chapter compares the scepticism about the self defended by philosophers such as Metzinger and Albahari with the realism about self that can be found in the work of various cognitive psychologists, developmental psychologists, psychiatrists, and neuroscientists. As this initial comparison makes clear, there is a striking mismatch between the self that is rejected by some philosophers and the self that is accepted by many empirical scientists. Not only does this finding make it urgent to distinguish different notions of self, it also illustrates the importance of getting a proper grip on how to conceive of the relation between empirical and theoretical approaches to self.